物种起源(英文版)
售价:
¥28.73
作者:
(英)查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文
ISBN:
978-7-5117-2140-2
出版社:
中央编译出版社
出版时间:
2021.5
装帧:
平装
开本:
32开
纸张:
-
页数:
-
购买数量:
(当前库存0件)
《物种起源》全名《论依据自然选择即在生存斗争中保存优良族的物种起源》(On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life),是英国生物学家查尔斯·达尔文系统阐述生物进化理论基础的生物学著作,1859年11月24日在伦敦出版。 该书中,达尔文根据20多年积累的对古生物学、生物地理学、形态学、胚胎学和分类学等许多领域的大量研究资料,以自然选择为中心,从变异性、遗传性、人工选择、生存竞争和适应等方面论证物种起源和生命自然界的多样性与统一性。 [1] 《物种起源》不仅开创了生物学发展史上的新纪元,使进化论思想渗透到自然科学的各个领域,而且引起了整个人类思想的巨大革命,在世界历史进程中有着广泛和深远的影响。 ”
  • 版权信息
  • PREFACE
  • INTRODUCTION
  • CHAPTER I VARIATION UNDER DOMESTICATION
  • CAUSES OF VARIABILITY
  • EFFECTS OF HABIT AND OF THE USE OR DISUSE OF PARTS; CORRELATED VARIATION; INHERITANCE
  • CHARACTER OF DOMESTIC VARIETIES; DIFFICULTY OF DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN VARIETIES AND SPECIES; ORIGIN OF DOMESTIC VARIETIES FROM ONE OR MORE SPECIES
  • BREEDS OF THE DOMESTIC PIGEON THEIR DIFFERENCES AND ORIGIN
  • PRINCIPLES OF SELECTION ANCIENTLY FOLLOWED AND THEIR EFFECTS
  • UNCONSCIOUS SELECTION
  • CIRCUMSTANCES FAVOURABLE TO MAN'S POWER OF SELECTION
  • CHAPTER II VARIATION UNDER NATURE
  • INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
  • DOUBTFUL SPECIES
  • WIDE-RANGING MUCH DIFFUSED AND COMMON SPECIES VARY MOST
  • SPECIES OF THE LARGER GENERA IN EACH COUNTRY VARY MORE FREQUENTLY THAN THE SPECIES OF THE SMALLER GENERA
  • MANY OF THE SPECIES INCLUDED WITHIN THE LARGER GENERA RESEMBLE VARIETIES IN BEING VERY CLOSELY BUT UNEQUALLY RELATED TO EACH OTHER AND IN HAVING RESTRICTED RANGES
  • SUMMARY
  • CHAPTER III STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE
  • THE TERM STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE USED IN A LARGE SENSE
  • GEOMETRICAL RATIO OF INCREASE
  • NATURE OF THE CHECKS TO INCREASE
  • COMPLEX RELATIONS OF ALL ANIMALS AND PLANTS TO EACH OTHER IN THE STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE
  • STRUGGLE FOR LIFE MOST SEVERE BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS AND VARIETIES OF THE SAME SPECIES
  • CHAPTER IV NATURAL SELECTION; OR THE SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST
  • SEXUAL SELECTION
  • ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE ACTION OF NATURAL SELECTION OR THE SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST
  • ON THE INTERCROSSING OF INDIVIDUALS
  • CIRCUMSTANCES FAVOURABLE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NEW FORMS THROUGH NATURAL SELECTION
  • EXTINCTION CAUSED BY NATURAL SELECTION
  • DIVERGENCE OF CHARACTER
  • THE PROBABLE EFFECTS OF THE ACTION OF NATURAL SELECTION THROUGH DIVERGENCE OF CHARACTER AND EXTINCTION ON THE DESCENDANTS OF A COMMON ANCESTOR
  • ON THE DEGREE TO WHICH ORGANISATION TENDS TO ADVANCE
  • CONVERGENCE OF CHARACTER
  • SUMMARY OF CHAPTER
  • CHAPTER V LAWS OF VARIATION
  • EFFECTS OF THE INCREASED USE AND DISUSE OF PARTS AS CONTROLLED BY NATURAL SELECTION
  • ACCLIMATISATION
  • CORRELATED VARIATION
  • COMPENSATION AND ECONOMY OF GROWTH
  • MULTIPLE RUDIMENTARY AND LOWLY-ORGANISED STRUCTURES ARE VARIABLE
  • A PART DEVELOPED IN ANY SPECIES IN AN EXTRAORDINARY DEGREE OR MANNER IN COMPARISON WITH THE SAME PART IN ALLIED SPECIES TENDS TO BE HIGHLY VARIABLE
  • SPECIFIC CHARACTERS MORE VARIABLE THAN GENERIC CHARACTERS
  • SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS VARIABLE
  • DISTINCT SPECIES PRESENT ANALOGOUS VARIATIONS SO THAT A VARIETY OF ONE SPECIES OFTEN ASSUMES A CHARACTER PROPER TO AN ALLIED SPECIES OR REVERTS TO SOME OF THE CHARACTERS OF AN EARLY PROGENITOR
  • SUMMARY
  • CHAPTER VI DIFFICULTIES OF THE THEORY
  • ON THE ABSENCE OR RARITY OF TRANSITIONAL VARIETIES
  • ON THE ORIGIN AND TRANSITION OF ORGANIC BEINGS WITH PECULIAR HABITS AND STRUCTURE
  • ORGANS OF EXTREME PERFECTION AND COMPLICATION
  • MODES Of TRANSITION
  • SPECIAL DIFFICULTIES OF THE THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION
  • ORGANS OF LITTLE APPARENT IMPORTANCE AS AFFECTED BY NATURAL SELECTION
  • UTILITARIAN DOCTRINE HOW FAR TRUE: BEAUTY HOW ACQUIRED
  • SUMMARY: THE LAW OF UNITY OF TYPE AND OF THE CONDITIONS OF EXISTENCE EMBRACED BY THE THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION
  • CHAPTER VII MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTIONS TO THE THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION
  • CHAPTER VIII INSTINCT
  • INHERITED CHANGES OF HABIT OR INSTINCT IN DOMESTICATED ANIMALS
  • SPECIAL INSTINCTS
  • INSTINCTS OF THE CUCKOO
  • SLAVE-MAKING INSTINCT
  • CELL-MAKING INSTINCT OF THE HIVE-BEE
  • OBJECTIONS TO THE THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION AS APPLIED TO INSTINCTS: NEUTER AND STERILE INSECTS
  • SUMMARY
  • CHAPTER IX HYBRIDISM
  • DEGREES OF STERILITY
  • LAWS GOVERNING THE STERILITY OF FIRST CROSSES AND OF HYBRIDS
  • ORIGIN AND CAUSES OF THE STERILITY OF FIRST CROSSES AND OF HYBRIDS
  • RECIPROCAL DIMORPHISM AND TRIMORPHISM
  • FERTILITY OF VARIETIES WHEN CROSSED AND OF THEIR MONGREL OFFSPRING NOT UNIVERSAL
  • HYBRIDS AND MONGRELS COMPARED INDEPENDENTLY OF THEIR FERTILITY
  • SUMMARY OF CHAPTER
  • CHAPTER X ON THE IMPERFECTION OF THE GEOLOGICAL RECORD
  • ON THE LAPSE OF TIME AS INFERRED FROM THE RATE OF DEPOSITION AND EXTENT OF DENUDATION
  • ON THE POORNESS OF PALAEONTOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS
  • ON THE ABSENCE OF NUMEROUS INTERMEDIATE VARIETIES IN ANY SINGLE FORMATION
  • ON THE SUDDEN APPEARANCE OF WHOLE GROUPS OF ALLIED SPECIES
  • ON THE SUDDEN APPEARANCE OF GROUPS OF ALLIED SPECIES IN THE LOWEST KNOWN FOSSILIFEROUS STRATA
  • CHAPTER XI ON THE GEOLOGICAL SUCCESSION OF ORGANIC BEINGS
  • ON EXTINCTION
  • ON THE FORMS OF LIFE CHANGING ALMOST SIMULTANEOUSLY THROUGHOUT THE WORLD
  • ON THE AFFINITIES OF EXTINCT SPECIES TO EACH OTHER AND TO LIVING FORMS
  • ON THE STATE OF DEVELOPMENT OF ANCIENT COMPARED WITH LIVING FORMS
  • ON THE SUCCESSION OF THE SAME TYPES WITHIN THE SAME AREAS DURING THE LATER TERTIARY PERIODS
  • SUMMARY OF THE PRECEDING AND PRESENT CHAPTERS
  • CHAPTER XII GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
  • SINGLE CENTRES OF SUPPOSED CREATION
  • MEANS OF DISPERSAL
  • DISPERSAL DURING THE GLACIAL PERIOD
  • ALTERNATE GLACIAL PERIODS IN THE NORTH AND SOUTH
  • CHAPTER XIII GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION—CONTINUED
  • FRESH-WATER PRODUCTIONS
  • ON THE INHABITANTS OF OCEANIC ISLANDS
  • ABSENCE OF BATRACHIANS AND TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS ON OCEANIC ISLANDS
  • ON THE RELATIONS OF THE INHABITANTS OF ISLANDS TO THOSE OF THE NEAREST MAINLAND
  • SUMMARY OF THE LAST AND PRESENT CHAPTERS
  • CHAPTER XIV MUTUAL AFFINITIES OF ORGANIC BEINGS: MORPHOLOGY—EMBRYOLOGY—RUDIMENTARY ORGANS
  • CLASSIFICATION
  • ANALOGICAL RESEMBLANCES
  • ON THE NATURE OF THE AFFINITIES CONNECTING ORGANIC BEINGS
  • MORPHOLOGY
  • DEVELOPMENT AND EMBRYOLOGY
  • RUDIMENTARY ATROPHIED AND ABORTED ORGANS
  • SUMMARY
  • CHAPTER XV RECAPITULATION AND CONCLUSION
  • APPENDIX GLOSSARY OF THE PRINCIPAL SCIENTIFIC TERMS USED IN THE PRESENT VOLUME
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